Your Rights and Responsibilities As a New U.S. Citizen

Becoming an American citizen with all the freedoms and opportunities the nation has to offer is the dream of many immigrants. Those who are fortunate enough to be in a position to pursue naturalization gain the same rights and privileges of citizenship as natural-born American citizens except one: Naturalized U.S. citizens are not eligible for the offices of the president of the United States and vice president. With these new rights, citizenship also brings with it some important responsibilities. As a new U.S. citizen, it is your duty to you give back to your adopted nation by fulfilling these responsibilities. Rights of Citizens Vote in elections: While voting isnt mandatory, it is a vital part of any democracy. And as a new citizen, your voice is as important as every other.Serve on a jury: Unlike voting, jury duty is mandatory if you receive a summons to serve. You might also be called be called to be a witness at a trial.Fair speedy trial if accused of a crime: This right is technically is also extended to non-citizens.Bring family members to the United States: Once you become a citizen, you can sponsor other family members to join you as green card holders. While green card holders can sponsor only a spouse or child to live with them in the United States, citizens can also sponsor parents, siblings, or other relatives.Obtain citizenship for children born abroadTravel with a U.S. passport: More than 100 countries allow American citizens to travel inside their borders for a specific amount of time without a visa if they have a U.S. passport.Run for federal office: Once you are a U.S. citizen you are qualif ied to run for any local, state or federal office, except president and vice president of the United States. Those two offices require a person to be a natural-born citizen.Become eligible for federal grants and scholarshipsApply for federal employment that requires U.S. citizenshipFreedom to express yourself: Again, this freedom is granted to non-citizens and visitors in America as well, but as a new citizen, it is now enshrined as a special right.Freedom to worship however you wish (or to refrain from worship): As said before, this right is granted to anyone on American soil, but as a citizen, you can now claim the right as something all your own.Registering with Selective Service: All males ages 18 to 25, even if non-citizens, must register with Selective Service, the program used if a military draft is ever re-initiated. Responsibilities of Citizens Support and defend the Constitution: This is part of your oath taken when you became a citizen. You now bear your allegiance to your new country.Serve the country when required: This could represent taking up arms, noncombat military service or work of national importance under civilian direction when required by the law, according to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.Participate in the democratic process: More than just voting, this involves getting involved in causes or political campaigns you believe in.Respect and obey federal, state, and local lawsRespect the rights, beliefs, and opinions of others: This is a bedrock of American society.Participate in your local community: Your fellow citizens need you as much as you need them.Be informed on issues that affect your communityPay local, state, and federal income taxes honestly and on time

Personal Narrative A Missing Piece - 927 Words

A Missing Piece As we watched Parenthood there was one scene that really stuck out to me; Cool’s father left him. I understand completely that it was a movie, but it struck me kind of hard since I understand what it feels like to be left behind. Even though my situation is a little different, I faced the same challenges and emotions. My father didn’t just walk out and leave my sisters and I behind like we were nothing, he passed away leaving a wife and three girls behind. My dad was my best friend, he would always pick me up from pre-school and take me back to his apartment where we would play games and watch movies. At this time my dad, Steve, struggled for many years with dialysis, diabetes, and kidney problems. He went through years and years of treatments and had one kidney and one pancreas transplant; each one failed. Cool’s situation is different compared to mine, for example: he will see his father at some point, and he knows he is still out there. However , it is the same; you feel abandoned, and will be missing that parent to look up to. As I watched that scene, the only thing that traveled through my mind was, he is only 6, and just lost his dad. You can look at his face and see how he doesn’t understand why his dad left him; he also, doesn’t know what that even means or what is happening. This may only be a movie, but the struggles he will go through by not having a father to look up to are imbarable. He will always have that sense of something missing. For theShow MoreRelatedThe Enigma Of Russian Identity Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pageshistory of Russia has been defined by various narratives. These narratives come from multiple ethnic groups, religious groups, writers, and leaders, which can be illustrated as the puzzle pieces that construct the enigma of Russian identity. Throughout the history of Russia there too has been a push to centralize Russian identity through the principle of Russification. 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Assessment of Pain Community of Aboriginal

Question: Discuss about the Assessment of Pain for Community of Aboriginal. Answer: 1. Mr. Smith is from the community of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. As pain assessment is difficult in these people. Pain assessment in Mr. Smith is influenced by his culture. Because people of community from which Mr. Smith belongs, feel embraced to express their pain and are hesitant to give trouble to healthcare professional about their painful condition. Nurse should develop trust relationship with Mr. Smith as he is not willing to open up with painful condition. With this trust relationship nurse can assess pain of Mr. Smith very effectively. Nurse should understand family, culture and community of Mr. Smith to assess his pain. Nurse should make Mr. Smith understand importance of pain management medicine (Queensland Health, 2015). 2. Assessment, caring and management of Mr. Smith was completely holistic. Social and cultural aspects of the Mr. Smith were kept in mind while assessing pain of Mr. Smith, however nursing practice was completely non-judgmental. Social and cultural aspects were considered in case of Mr. Smith because community of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people from where he belongs, have different view on nursing and medical care. Following are the code of ethics related to the non-judgmental nursing care in Mr. Smith situation. Nurses value informed decision-making. Nurses value ethical management of information. Nurses value a socially, economically and ecologically sustainable environment promoting health and wellbeing Following are the code of professional conduct related to the non-judgmental nursing care in Mr. Smith situation. Nurses respect the dignity, culture, ethnicity, values and beliefs of Mr. Smith and treatment, and of their colleagues. Nurses maintain and build on the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people communitys trust and confidence in the nursing profession. Following are the EN Competency Standards related to the non-judgmental nursing care in Mr. Smith situation. Practices nursing in a way that ensures the rights of the people are upheld. Provides skilled and timely care to people receiving care and others while promoting their independence and involvement in care decisionmaking (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2016). 3. Pain assessment questions (Breivik et al., 2008): What makes pain worse? What makes pain improved? What is earlier medicine for pain? Whether these medicines were effective? What is way of expression of pain? Since how long pain is there? What is the frequency of pain? Is there change in intensity of pain at different time points? How much duration pain lasts? Mental and emotional status (Mabbett, 1996): What is todays date? What is month and year? Where is your birth place? What is your name? What is your school name? What meal you took yesterday? What you did last Sunday? What is state capital? Social and cultural issues (Cammock et al., 2014): With whom can disuses care and management? Would like to take someones help in decision making? Whose help required? Do you follow any spiritual practices or prayers? Is there requirement of any spiritual articles? 4. Advance health directive is a document Mr. Smith can fill. This document mentions Mr. Smiths requests and instructions for future health management practices for any health condition. This document comes into picture, when Mr. Smith unable to make any type of decisions about his health (Docker, 1996). Mr. Smith should give Enduring power of attorney to someone to facilitate the disposal of his property, dealing with his financial matters, signing documents on his behalf and purchasing on behalf of him. Mr. Smith should be informed that Enduring power of attorney would not interfere in his personal care (Mitchell et al., 2014). Mr. Smith can donate his organs either when he is alive or after his unfortunate death. These organs can be transplanted in the person and this can save the life of recipients life. Mr. Smith should know that organ donation is not a forceful act and it is completely depends on his will (Berntzen Bjork, 2014). 5. Complementary therapies for pain in palliative care includes music therapy, relaxation, massages, aromatherapy massage and foot reflexology. Music therapy aid distraction of Mr. Smith form the pain and uses vibro-acoustic stimulation. Music therapy includes relaxation of muscles and calming down Mr. Smith. Massage therapy lessen wear and tear of muscle and muscle strain. Massage therapy also reduces anxiety in Mr. Smith. Aromatherapy massage has added advantage of incorporating mind-body element and utilizing aroma odor to produce soothing effect on mind and relaxation. Foot reflexology is a component of massage therapy which is mainly focused on the foot of Mr. Smith. Acupuncture also proved to be beneficial in the pain management Mr. Smith (Crawford et al., 2014). Mr. Smith should be refereed to specialized doctors in gastroenterology, nephrology and psychiatry. As Mr. Smith is going through many problems related to gastrointestinal system. He is unable to empty his bowl so that doctor can give suitable medication or suggest any other suitable method to empty his bowl. Also he is having stomatitis so that doctor can prescribe some medicine or suggest some external application to lessen severity of ulcer. Mr. Smith also should be referred to nutrition expert as he is not willing to eat food. In such scenario, nutrition expert can suggest suitable food for condition and to maintain optimum level of nutrient level and to prevent dehydration. As Mr. Smith is suffering through incontinent of urine at night, he should be referred to doctor specialized in nephrology. As he is facing problem in sleep, he should be referred to psychiatrists (Mehrotra et al., 2011). 7. Family members of Mr. Smith should clearly make aware of the exact condition of the him. With the help of nursing staff, family members of him should be advised to take care of him, so that they can realize and understand exact condition of him. So that they can be mentally prepared to accept whatever may be going to happen with Mr. Smith. As Mr. Smith is willing to meet his children, family members should do all the actions to make him happy and he should feel comfortable. Most importantly, family members should not feel guilty for the condition of Mr. Smith because his lifestyle and behavior are mainly responsible for his current condition (Hebert et al., 2011). 8. In anorexia there is the increase in the angiopoetin-like protein 6 (ANGPTL6). In anorexia there is the deficiency of protein due to continuous starvation and this leads to the multiple organ failure like heart, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive organs, kidney and brain. Due to this Mr.Smith is feeling dehydration. Management for anorexia involves feeding with suitable meal, psychological therapy to change his mind for eating and medication like fluoxetine. In ascites, due to portal hypertension, there is the abnormal sequestration of the fluid in the splanchnic bed. This leads to the reduced circulating blood. As a result sodium and water retention occurs due to sympathetic system activation and rennin release. Consequently, there is the accumulation of fluid around abdominal cavity. This reflects in Mr. Smith as he has abdominal distension. Sodium restriction and diuretic therapy are advised for the patient with ascites. Dyspnoea occurs due to the interaction between different systems like respiratory system, cardiovascular system, neural system, and oxygen carrying system. In case of respiratory system abnormality in the alveoli gas exchange and central control of ventilation leads to dyspnoea. In Mr. Smith, dyspnoea reflects in his breathlessness and continuous requirement of oxygen. Management of dyspnoea includes oxygen therapy, beta agonist, opioids and sometimes anxiolytics. Hiccups occurred due to the abnormality (involuntary contraction) in the hemidiaphragm. Due to contraction of diaphragm and subsequent closure of vocal cord, it produces sound like hic. Frequency of hiccups alters in inverse proportion with arterial carbon dioxide tension. Hiccups are clearly evident in Mr. Smith. Management of hiccups includes chlorpromazine, metoclopramide, muscle relaxants and sedatives (Hammer McPhee 2014). 9. Mr. Smith is having breathlessness and he is having Ventolin nebulisation to prevent bronchospasm. By seeing at the data it is evident that most of the organs of the Mr. Smith are affected or deteriorated. It reflects for the ascitis, pruritus, severe mouth ulcer, bowl not opened since several days, uncontrolled urination, severe pain, agitated and confused state. In case of deterioration of multiple organs, it would be difficult to treat the patient. Because treatment for organ may affect the functioning of other organ. As in the case of ascites, diuretic is a recommended therapy. However, in case of Mr. Smith he is already facing problem of incontinent urination. Also he didnt opened bowl for several days and there is the accumulation waste in the body. Due to ulcer in the mouth and Mr. Smiths disinterest in eating, he is not taking proper food and he is lacking nutrients. All these conditions reflects, Mr. is at the end stage of life (Springhouse, 2006). Palliative care: Palliative care is specific healthcare system specialized for the patients with chronic illness. This system doesnt focuses on the complete cure of the patient, however it aims at relieving patient from symptoms of the illness and medical and physical stress due to the disease condition. Main goal of the palliative care is to improve quality and wellbeing both patient and family members. Team of palliative care includes doctor, nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and social workers (London et al., 2005). 11. Drowsiness - In this stage patient always feel sleepy and lethargic. Becoming unresponsive - Patient become unresponsive to the external world. Disorientation - Patient becomes confused about routine aspects like time and date, recognisation of family members. Loss appetite - Patient lost interest in eating and subsequently loss of appetite. This is due both impaired physiology due to diseases state and depression due to disease. Bowl and bladder dysfunction - Bowl and bladder of patient cannot work according normal physiology. Changes in sensitivity of skin - Skin becoming more sensitive or senseless due to multiple ailments. Dyspnoea - Patient become breathless. (Springhouse, 2006) 12. General support to the well being of the patient. It includes physical, mental, social and cultural care of the patient. Rehabilitation to the acute episodes of the pain to feel comfortable to Mr. Smith. Try to keep complications in control. Try to minimize anxiety, depression and fear due to the illness. Make understand family members real condition of Mr. Smith and advise them to give warmth and comfort to Mr. Smith at the end of life. To make Mr. Smith and family members emotionally and psychologically stable. Try to fulfill every wish of Mr. Smith. Provide nutrients and oxygen to Mr. Smith as much as possible. Continuously monitor vital signs of the Mr. Smith (Springhouse, 2006). References: Breivik, H., Borchgrevink, P. C., Allen, S. M., Rosseland, L. A. (2008). Assessment of pain. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 101(1), 17-24. Berntzen, H., Bjork, I.T. (2014). Experiences of donor families after consenting to organ donation: a qualitative study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 30(5), 266-74. Cammock, R.D., Derrett, S., Sopoaga, F. (2014). An assessment of an outcome of injury questionnaire using a Pacific model of health and wellbeing. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1388), 32-40. Crawford, C., Lee, C., Freilich, D., Active Self-Care Therapies for Pain (PACT) Working Group. (2014). Effectiveness of active self-care complementary and integrative medicine therapies: options for the management of chronic pain symptoms. Pain Medicine, 15(1), S86-95. Docker, C. (1996). Advance Directives/Living Wills in: McLean S.A.M., Contemporary Issues in Law, Medicine and Ethics. Dartmouth. Hammer, G., McPhee, S.J. (2014). Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine Flash Cards. McGraw-Hill Education. Mabbett, P. D. (1996). Delmars Instant Nursing Assessment: Mental Health. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers. Hebert, K., Moore, H., Rooney, J. (2011). The Nurse Advocate in End-of-Life Care. Ochsner Journal, 11(4), 325329. London, M.R., McSkimming, S., Drew, N., Quinn, C., Carney, B. (2005). Evaluation of a Comprehensive, Adaptable, Life- Affirming, Longitudinal (CALL) Palliative Care Project. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 8(6), 12141225. Mehrotra, A., Forrest, C.B., Lin, C.Y. (2011). Dropping the baton: Specialty referrals in the United States. Milbank Quarterly, 89(1), 3968. Mitchell, L.K., Pachana, N.A., Wilson, J., Vearncombe, K., et al. (2014). Promoting the use of enduring powers of attorney in older adults: a literature review. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 33(1), 2-7. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (2016). Retrieved form https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Codes-Guidelines.aspx on 3rd September 2016. Queensland Health. (2015). Sad News, Sorry Business: Guidelines for caring for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people through death and dying. Retrieved from https://www.health.qld.gov.au/atsihealth/documents/sorry_business.pdf on 3rd September 2016. Springhouse. (2006). End-of-life Care: A Nurse's Guide to Compassionate Care. Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

The Cuban Revolution Essays - Cuban Revolution, Fidel Castro

The Cuban Revolution The Cuban Revolution Final Draft The Cuban Revolution was in various ways different from the American Revolution and in other ways similar to it at because it had the same purpose and it also succeeded. Therefore, it can be rightfully said that the Cuban Revolution is an example, among others, of revolutions following the steps and ways (set of guidelines) of the American Revolution, which led it to be a victorious one. It could also be said that this revolution also offered a number of contrasts to the American Revolution, thus making it clear that the American Revolution was a very unique and special kind of revolution that can never be exactly repeated by any other nation. One main similarity between the Cuban and the American Revolution is that they both held the same purpose, which was to overthrow the current abusive government and establish a new one that would serve the people rightfully and advance social and economic justice in the nation. Abuses of Batista's regime began on the same day that he came into power, when he suspended the constitution, dissolved the congress and instituted a provisional government, promising elections the following year. After crushing an uprising by a young lawyer, Fidel Castro, on July 26, 1953, the regime seemed secure and when the political situation had been calmed, the Batista government announced that elections were to be held on the fall of 1954.* That year Grau San Martin, Batista's opponent, withdrew from the campaign just before the election because he claimed that his supporters had been terrorized. Thus, Batista was reelected without any opposition since he brutally suppressed political opposition and le t his people live in appalling poverty. He crushed worker, peasant, and student opposition. Between 1952 and 1959, 20,000 Cubans were assassinated by Batista's henchmen. * The bodies of those assassinated were often dumped in public places with their eyes gouged out to intimidate the rest of the population; sending a message that any kind of opposition would not be tolerated at all. The Cuban economy under Batista's government brought little wealth to the Cuban people, 50% of who did not have electricity; 40% were illiterate and 95% of the children living in rural areas suffered from poverty-related diseases. * Before the 1953 uprising, Fidel Castro had written a pamphlet denouncing Batista as a tyrant and calling on young Cubans to be prepared to sacrifice their lives in a fight for freedom. Castro's friends distributed the pamphlet throughout Havana, and many of them within the Ortodoxo party began to conspire with him to overthrow Batista. Castro continued violently denouncing th e Batista government and encouraging armed rebellion through articles in the underground newspaper, El Acusador (The Accuser), of which he was political editor. During the summer of 1952, Castro had begun to turn his network of friends into a revolutionary movement. In several cities and villages, Castro's friends organized military training units; each composed of ten revolutionaries and their leader. The leaders answered directly to Castro. Almost all of those who joined this young military force were between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two. This organization of Castro's was kept secret as he established contacts with other revolutionary leaders throughout Cuba. However, in July 26 (1953), the storming of the Moncada Barracks by 150 young rebels led by Castro ended up in failure with most of them being killed and those eventually captured were put on trial. Castro was given a separate trial on October 16, at which he gave an emotional and eloquent two-hour speech denouncing ty rants such as Batista and claiming that the rebels' cause would one be victorious. Marta Rojas, a young editor at the time and later the editor of the Cuban government's official newspaper Granma, transcribed Castor's closing statement of his speech in court, which would become famous to all Cubans: ? I know that jail will be as hard as it has ever been?; but I do not fear this, as I do not fear the fury of the miserable tyrant who snuffed out the life of seventy brothers of mine. Condemn me, it does not matter. History will absolve me! The entire statement, reproduced in several forms and distributed widely throughout Cuba,

Free Essays on DARE Program

Using Force Against Iraq President George Bush has requested authority to use force against Iraq, and is currently waiting for Congress to give the â€Å"thumb’s up.† Other countries such as Russia and France have voiced strong reservations to a new resolution authorizing the use of force against Iraq. I feel we should have the support of the United Nations before taking any military action against a country that may possess biological, chemical or nuclear weapons. According to the publication titled Non-conventional-weapons Proliferation in the Middle East written in 1993 by Efraim Karsh, the term â€Å"biological weapons† is little understood and little appreciated by the public at large. All too often, biological warfare conjures up images of uncontrollable epidemics. This by far is not the case. The aggressor uses this form of violence to attack a targeted population and makes sure that the one who delivers this weapon is well protected either by immunization or respirator. The outcome for the attacked population will be incapacitation or even death. I think that if we go after a country that may possess these types of weapons, we will be putting American lives at risk. We can’t control what one has in their own backyard. How do we know what type of retaliation may or may not occur if we attack such an unstable country? The answer is, â€Å"we don’t!† Iraq as we all know possesses chemical weapons. As stated on the Chemical and Biological weapons resource page, http://cns.miis.edu/researchcbw/possess.htm, in 1972 they were running a previously active production program of anthrax, botulinum toxin and ricin. All of these agents can be deadly. Now, in the absence of the United Nations weapons inspectors, who know’s what they are creating now. This frightens me. We have seen over the past year what anthrax can do, and we also know that the government doesn’t have enough vaccine for everyo... Free Essays on DARE Program Free Essays on DARE Program Using Force Against Iraq President George Bush has requested authority to use force against Iraq, and is currently waiting for Congress to give the â€Å"thumb’s up.† Other countries such as Russia and France have voiced strong reservations to a new resolution authorizing the use of force against Iraq. I feel we should have the support of the United Nations before taking any military action against a country that may possess biological, chemical or nuclear weapons. According to the publication titled Non-conventional-weapons Proliferation in the Middle East written in 1993 by Efraim Karsh, the term â€Å"biological weapons† is little understood and little appreciated by the public at large. All too often, biological warfare conjures up images of uncontrollable epidemics. This by far is not the case. The aggressor uses this form of violence to attack a targeted population and makes sure that the one who delivers this weapon is well protected either by immunization or respirator. The outcome for the attacked population will be incapacitation or even death. I think that if we go after a country that may possess these types of weapons, we will be putting American lives at risk. We can’t control what one has in their own backyard. How do we know what type of retaliation may or may not occur if we attack such an unstable country? The answer is, â€Å"we don’t!† Iraq as we all know possesses chemical weapons. As stated on the Chemical and Biological weapons resource page, http://cns.miis.edu/researchcbw/possess.htm, in 1972 they were running a previously active production program of anthrax, botulinum toxin and ricin. All of these agents can be deadly. Now, in the absence of the United Nations weapons inspectors, who know’s what they are creating now. This frightens me. We have seen over the past year what anthrax can do, and we also know that the government doesn’t have enough vaccine for everyo...

Identify the Common Poplars in North America

Identify the Common Poplars in North America The genus Populus  most common North American natives include  one true poplar in the north, four primary species of cottonwoods and the quaking aspen. Most of the known 35 natural poplar species live in the Northern Hemisphere. The cottonwoods thrive in an ecosystem associated with riparian and wetland areas in eastern and western North America. The aspens are most comfortable in boreal environments dominated by conifers with aspen being a major broad-leaved species. Balsam poplar  (Populus balsamifera)  is the northernmost American hardwood and a major deciduous tree in Canada and Alaska. The Common North American Poplar Species Quaking aspenBalsam poplarEastern cottonwoodBlack cottonwood All have long reproductive catkins that appear just before the new leaves of spring and can help in identification. The resulting fruit is a capsule that opens into 2 tp 4 parts. The tufted seeds are shed in masses of white cotton which can cover the ground inches deep. The leaves of aspen and Eastern cottonwood are deltoids  where black cottonwood and balsam poplar are ovate. They occur on a branch alternately, are simple (single leaf) and mostly toothed. Interesting Facts The Eastern Cottonwood,  Populus deltoides, is one of the largest North American hardwood trees.  The aspen  has the widest range in the United States.  It occurs throughout the eastern United States and throughout Canada.Yellow poplar is not a true poplar and not listed here.

Bankruptcy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Bankruptcy - Research Paper Example At times, due to poor planning or other reasons, debtors are unable to plan their financial transactions well, leading to an inability to honor their credits.Such insolvency or an inability to repay the creditors is known as â€Å"bankruptcy† (Newton 134). It is for times like these that bankruptcy laws have been instituted. Since the nineteenth century, bankruptcy laws have been continually formulated and improved with an insight not to discourage entrepreneurship in the region. There were three brief periods in which federal bankruptcy laws were implemented in the United States. The first bankruptcy law was enacted in the 1800 called the â€Å"Bankruptcy Act of 1800† which was aimed to handle the situation of involuntary bankruptcy of traders (Hansen). During this period, the request for bankruptcy could be initiated by the creditor. This law was modeled after the English bankruptcy law. This law was abused by several debtors calling for â€Å"friendly† credito r initiations. Thus this law was repealed in 1803 (Skeel). After a long gap since 1803, the next bankruptcy law was passed in 1841 titled â€Å"Bankruptcy Act of 1841†. In the meanwhile, states were following their own bankruptcy systems without the presence of a formal federal law. This act allowed the debtors to voluntarily file for bankruptcy and receive discharge of debt. Following this law, debtors continually opted for discharge of debt and the creditors were faced with immense problems. Therefore this law was also repealed within two years in 1843 (Skeel) on accounts of being abused and being oppressive for the creditors. It is important to notice that laws pertaining to debtor-creditor settlements have been important and their formulation has been exceptionally problematic. If lenient laws were inculcated in the favor of debtors like the Bankruptcy Act of 1841, it posed risks and threats to the creditors and would have eventually led into the decrease of credit and ul timately affected commerce industry and economy. On the other hand, if too strict laws were enacted as were previously done – imprisonment to coerce payment of debt – it would discourage entrepreneurial ventures and experimentation on behalf of existing businesspeople. This means that failures which were converted into huge successes gradually would never have survived the law system (Hansen). Thus striking the balance between the debtor and creditor rights without discouraging either has evolved over a century of deliberations. After the Bankruptcy Act of 1841 which was repealed in 1843, the country was distraught with the occurrence of the American Civil War of 1861. The northern ‘union’ and the southern ‘confederate states of America’ fought a bloody combat for four years which left most of the Southern America and their infrastructure destroyed (McPherson). The financial distress caused by the Civil War fueled the demand for the formulatio n of another bankruptcy law. The next bankruptcy law was enacted in 1867 immediately after the end of the Civil War. The law was titled â€Å"Bankruptcy Act of 1867†. This law was longer lived than the previous laws but was nevertheless repealed in 1878 after 11 years of amendments and replacements. Bankruptcy Act of 1867 was more detailed and covered several situations. For the first time it was allowed voluntary bankruptcies for all individuals and not only traders and merchants

The Declaration of Independence and the Major Issue of the US Essay

The Declaration of Independence and the Major Issue of the US - Essay Example The Declaration of Independence no doubt was vital because it united the colonists justified the reasons for liberation, and stated the salutary neglect that was enforced by the King. The scene in 1776 during the meeting of the Continental Congress in Philadelphia was a very crucial one. The colonists have already fought many battles together yet were missing on the aspect of unity(â€Å"Purpose of the Declaration of Independence.†). The Declaration of Independence was vital as it united the colonists since many were reluctant to break away from their birth nation. Many wanted to compromise and mend relations with Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence boosted the unity of the colonists and boldly stated the justification for the separation from a ruthless regime (â€Å"Purpose of the Declaration of Independence.†). The new birth of a nation, independent from the British rule, was faced with a new set of challenges. Undoubtedly, the birth of the new nation has no central government to replace the traditional statutory legislation of the British Parliament. Hence, issues such as commerce, trade, national security became vital issues. The members of the second had to take the obligation in the absence of a national government. The Articles of Confederation was a document that was supposed to define the separation of powers in both the federal and state level. Since the Article of Confederation was adopted in March 1781, the government of the United States continued to enforce its federal powers.

Tok Persuasion Essay Example for Free

Tok Persuasion Essay 1. Persuasion through images.(IV) Images are often not appealing to reason, but to emotions. This is not to say that a lot of thought does not go into graphical expression, but that the images are all ways aimed at moving the viewer visually. For example a form of visual theatre, burlesque will often attack something by representing it so as to look inane. In this case there is an interpreting process going on, but the audience must necessarily have an emotional response to what they see. Expression through images may have some interpreting process that the audience must make, but the final appeal will rely on our emotions. Another good example is political cartoons. Because political cartoons are able to make some aspect of an event look inane, they appeal to the audiences emotions so that they will adopt a certain political view. In this it relies on the audiences reason to interpret the relationship and consequences represented in the cartoon, but the final result it aims for is a emotional response. But some photos will appeal only to are straight visceral response. For example, the photos asking for charity will usually feature children, which we will naturally feel pity for. In this case the photograph is appealing straight to our pity and natural sympathy towards children. In other cases the appeal may be anger. And beyond that this emotion is often manipulated through association. For example there are, in my opinion, a bit too many images portraying Obama aside Stalin, or other prominent figures in the USSR. This is not reason, but an attempt to stir up a visceral response of hatred and distrust. 2.Persuasion through language. Language is our prime source of communication. We our so adept at communicating things through language that we may be able to change the meaning something has through the slightest change in words. This is because humans create connotations of words that can sometimes drift apart from people’s reaction towards the literal meaning of the word. In other words, people build an emotional reaction towards the words themselves. Using this, people that have the intention of manipulating other’s emotions may do so, through charging their language with words that will stir emotions. For example, when making a moving speech, people will often use phrases such as â€Å" our liberty and freedom† , â€Å"a mans right†. Because these words are  positively charged. On the converse of that, people may charge their language very negatively, in order to associate their opponent with those negative reactions. For example, when you compare someone to Hitler, that is usually not an appeal to reason, but a very strong statement associating the opponent with something that is abominated. The argument made through negative association may take the form of logic, ie a comparison, but is not an appeal to logic but to emotion. In other cases governments may introduce neutrally charged words to take the stead of the words that people appall. For example the government will call killing people neutralizing, because the word â€Å"kill† is completely saturated with the social abhorrence of murder. In other cases people may use language in a lawyerly fashion to make something sound like something without exactly saying such a thing. For example when a Politician represents his opponent he may often use ambiguous language which doesn’t quite state what is referred to, but makes the listener assume a particular thing, like when people talk of president Obama’s â€Å"dubious past† people are let to assume anything they want from him being an immigrant to him being involved in crime, while the speaker does not have to commit himself to making an explicit accusation. Sometimes assumptions people make based on language can be used to trick them in to assuming you’re innocents. For example if someone was to borrow a gun from a friend to kill another man, and that someone is asked if he killed a man, that someone may respond â€Å"I don’t even own a gun†. A common term for this is equivocation. The man is not telling a lie, but stating a fact in a very misleading way. 3 Macbeth is full of the milk of human kindness = What is full of the milk of human kindness is Macbeth. For a mortal to get all our homework done is as hard as a camel going through the eye of a needle.=Fot a camel to go through an eye of a needle is as hard as a mortal getting all of our homework done. 4. What are 5 emotional appeals? Appeals to emotions are made everyday and it is so pervasive that we are unaware of how people use our emotions to persuade us to act in a certain way. For example the charity campaigns that want to cajole us into helping the needy will necessarily use emotional appeals. These appeals maybe generally categorized into two types, the appeals to empathy, or the appeals to our concerns about self-identity. In the example of charity campaigns  there are often these two kinds of manipulation acting together. First of all the view will feel empathy for the starving children. Children are used because it is human nature to feel more compassion towards children. These ads are appealing to pity to try to get us to support their cause. And some will also use words which will attempt to guilt us into supporting the cause with campaigns that will call into question our morality with captions such as â€Å"would this happen in your country?†. Through this we are brought to think that not supporting this cause would contradict our sense of ethics. In this case the manipulation uses our concern over our self-image as moral people. The beauty industry is infamous for manipulations of our concern with self-image. In this case they will often make woman feel that their self worth is only in their appearance and that they must use products to achieve this. That is why the models displaying the products are impossibly beautiful regardless of the product, and they are further airbrushed to complete the unachievable image of perfection. These airbrushed models make woman feel inadequate as they are, and lead them to desperately try these products in attempt to assuage their feeling lack of confidence. In other cases they may use our alliance to a particular cause to make us do things. This takes advantage of our categorical way of thinking. For example political parties may appeal to our patriotism to justify wars. In fact in most wars it is claimed that their war is a defensive war to protect their people. When Japan invaded further north in China they said that the advancement of their army line was to protect their area from the Russians. This kind of concern for identity is also used to manipulate us because this causes us to be competitive.. Our competitive drive is manipulated in some campeigns, for example the NIS school pet bottle cap drive in order to make us collect more caps. These campaigns will place emphasis on what we did comparatively to others rather than letting us be content with the fact that we did the thing. 5.  I think this means that his accomplishments were capable because of the foundation that his predecessors created for him. I think that this is true, and that the construction of a collective of knowledge greatly facilitates scientific advancements. We can not give credit for the invention of computers to only one man, because the invention was only made possible by  all the men who helped advance the sciences hitherto. The collective of knowledge and the sharing of it is essential to the advancement of science, as we can see in the spurt of technological progress which came with globalization, or the stagnation of advancements in countries where the common people were illiterate. Paradigms are essential to scientific pursuit. 6.  A problematic premises are premises that are actually mere assumptions. These can edge their way into arguments without us noticing it because the premises are often not put under scrutiny. A statement made on a false premise will be true only if the premises are correct. Or in cases of circular argument the premise itself may be the conclusion, hence not having a premise even though it takes a form of an argument with reason. For example the argument â€Å"Teachers should use the shared NIS calendar when assigning work because its what they should do.† Is a completely absurd argument because the premise that supports the argument is the same as the proposition. Sometimes premises that don’t actually validate the claim may be used. For example the statement â€Å"you should be thankful for what you have because kids are starving in Africa.† In this there is no strong logical connection between the premises and the statement that we should not want to improve our situation. 7.  In this it is implied that the student was cheating before. Further more it is a satire against the support of competitive ethos in which the unscrupulous get ahead, and yet the same time condemning these amoralities. 8.  One is a generalization that targets a group. These generalizations will assume that an individual is a certain way because there is a certain stereotype of his group. For example one may think that all African-Americans like chicken. These types of stereotypes are particularly troublesome because people can have a way of only observing cases that prove the stereotype right. Other than that there are maxims that people create and use to assume something based on another thing that the person did do. For example if the statement â€Å"evil people don’t finish their homework† was  to be taken as a maxim then one might assume that a person who didn’t finish their homework is evil. Maxims necessarily do not encompass all people in all circumstances. And it is vary likely that a student could not finish the work because of her disregard of time, rather than being evil. Although it is also very likely that the student is deliberately trying to sabotage the class by getting to sleep before 3am. Then there are generalizations that oversimplify a persons belief. For example some people may attack left wingers for wanting a communist nation. Although Communists and the democratic party may both be further left than the republican party the beliefs of members in the democratic party vary greatly, and should not be summarized by terms such as â€Å"communist†, which would be making unwarranted associations. 9.  One area of study in which grayscale may be seen is Historiography. For example historians may take the same data, but view it under a completely different light. In academia today when all scholars have access to the same information, a liberal historian will take all of the incriminating evidence to support his thesis that Stalin was, or had close affiliations to Satan, whereas a revisionist would take almost the same evidence to make a conclusion that, I quote â€Å"Stalin liked children†. This may affect our plane judgments even though there are more ways of viewing things. For example one may say that the novel â€Å"fifty shades of gray† is completely vapid and shallow, whereas another may find deep meaning in it. Both are entitled to their own opinions, but the fact is that neither can be said to be the truth while both views are valid. It is not something with only one side to it, and the reader has the liberty to form their own interpretations. This can also be seen in religions. Religions take the same human experience of living and interpret it in completely different ways. One religion may see us as being born sinners in need of redemption, whereas another religion may view life as being an existence in which we try to become closer to god, and some people may think life is meaningless, and some may take a solipsistic view of humans. These are all valid, but the fact is that there is only one human existence, and these are different ways of interpreting it. It would be wrong to completely reject views different from that of your own. 10  One kind flawed clause is when the clause does not logical contribute to the conclusion, but makes the conclusion seem self evident. For example if I were to insert the word â€Å"obviously† into a statement before a clause it will give the assertion false credibility. The two sentences â€Å"If he committed a crime he is evil† and â€Å"If he committed a crime obviously he is evil† are an example of this. The clause â€Å"obviously† imputes that it is self evident, therefore leading the reader to accept the statement without scrutiny. Another kind could be when a clause is used to make an assertion of a causal relationship where there is none. For example in the sentence â€Å"I have periorbital dark circles because I have three assignments and four tests crammed into two days.† Although it is absolutely bizarre to think that sleep deprivation could possibly have any relation with dark circles under a student’s eyes, this sentence imputes that there is a causal relationship between black circles, sleep deprivation and the amount of work a student has. 11  Christ Hedges mainly believes that countries use the idea of patriotism to go to war. He believes that we glorify war by creating grand narratives. In this I think he is referring to the rationales countries provide. For example the â€Å"war against terror† has a name that makes it seam like they are a force of justice fighting evil, whereas in actuality they themselves are amoral, as they are committing mass carnage. 12  Although it is a hard distinction and there are many things that sit in the cross section between these two, if I were to make a clear differentiation I would say that propaganda necessarily persuades people to act in a certain way by controlling and taking away their choice of what information they have access to. Where as the term persuasion simply means to use any method to manipulate some one’s will.

Hackers Today :: Essays Papers

Hackers Today Over the last twenty years, a technological revolution has occurred as computers are now an essential element of today's society. Large computers are used to track reservations for the airline industry, process billions of dollars for banks, manufacture products for industry, and conduct major transactions for businesses because more and more people now have computers at home and at the office. People commit computer crimes because of society's declining ethical standards more than any economic need. According to experts, gender is the only bias. The profile of today's non-professional thieves crosses all races, age groups and economic strata. Computer criminals tend to be relatively honest and in a position of trust: few would do anything to harm another human, and most do not consider their crime to be truly dishonest. Most are males: women have tended to be accomplices, though of late they are becoming more aggressive. Computer Criminals tend to usually be "between the ages of 14- 30, they are usually bright, eager, highly motivated, adventuresome, and willing to accept technical challenges."(Shannon, 16:2) "It is tempting to liken computer criminals to other criminals, ascribing characteristics somehow different from 'normal' individuals, but that is not the case."(Sharp, 18:3) It is believed that the computer criminal "often marches to the same drum as the potential victim but follows and unanticipated path."(Blumenthal, 1:2) There is no actual profile of a computer criminal because they range from young teens to elders, from black to white, from short to tall. Definitions of computer crime has changed over the years as the users and misusers of computers have expanded into new areas. "When computers were first introduced into businesses, computer crime was defined simply as a form of white-collar crime committed inside a computer system."(2600:Summer 92,p.13) Some new terms have been added to the computer criminal vocabulary. "Trojan Horse is a hidden code put into a computer program. Logic bombs are implanted so that the perpetrator doesn't have to physically present himself or herself." (Phrack 12,p.43) Another form of a hidden code is "salamis." It came from the big salami loaves sold in delis years ago. Often people would take small portions of bites that were taken out of them and then they were secretly returned to the shelves in the hopes that no one would notice them missing.(Phrack 12,p.44) Congress has been reacting to the outbreak of computer crimes.

Group 4 Reflection Essay

Group 4 project was an interesting learning experience. It forced me to work with people that I haven’t worked with before, take into account our team’s different opinions and make the most out of what we had. We started out with an idea, water suspended on a table without a cup, that we spent a whole meeting on, before we realized that it was not possible to do it, which left us with two meetings to decide what we were going to do. I was then unable to make the two next meetings, and this caused major planning problems, which were reflected during our presentation, added to the fact that I did not talk enough with my team members about what we were going to do, which left our whole group pretty much clueless on our actual presentation. Added to this, we all had different ideas about what we wanted to do with the paper helicopter, what size should it be, how we were going to present it, which led to arguments on the day of the presentation. I am usually stubborn, and it is hard to make me change my mind when I am set in a direction, but we finally managed to come to a compromise which satisfied everyone. From this, I learned that my idea is not necessarily the only working solution, and that there isn’t always one solution to a problem, although better planning and better communication could have avoided such problem on the actual presentation day. Regarding the actual presentation, it was obvious that our planning was not very good. Some material was missing, and we had to run around last minute to gather what was left. My teammates were stressing out because they weren’t ready at all, but being used to doing things last minute, I think that managed pretty well to take charge of the group project to get what was needed and to lead the actual presentation, which surprised me. I am not a very good public speakers, in fact I don’t like standing in front of a class and talking, but I found that during this project, not only was I not afraid of going up, but I actually enjoyed it. I learned that when I put as much effort as I can into something, especially something that I like, my fear of public speaking actually goes away and all the hard work that we put into this project, even last minute, comes out and makes something that can be regarded as good. We did have trouble managing the presentation though, as soon as the class started making their own paper helicopters, it was really hard to get them focused again. Our whole team understood that, and instead we instinctively broke up into small groups to try and help everyone achieve the final design. To me, my overall opinion of our presentation is that although we lacked preparation, we ended up doing something good. What I learned from this experience is that I am not limited to what I have done in the past. Taking over the presentation was something that really surprised me, and although I know that I talked a bit too much, I am glad that it happened that way, as it showed me that public speaking can actually be one strength instead of my weakness.

The reaction to Boris Johnson’s article about Ken Bigley and resulting implications for the media

When Boris Johnson's article in The Spectator1 caused controversy a week ago, it raised questions not only about the ethical position of politicians involved in journalism, but also about the freedom of the media and its relationship with regulators and governmental bodies. Boris Johnson is a much- derided figure, often attacked for his looks and manner rather than his views and actions. In a radio interview for the BBC, for example, Paul Bigley (Ken's brother) accused him of being a â€Å"self- centred, pompous twit†2 and belittled him for his appearance and waffling manner despite the valid points in the article, and subsequent apology. This tact was followed by newspapers almost without exception; The Times, for example, started their article with a quote from Michael Howard denouncing Johnson's writing as â€Å"nonsense from beginning to end,†4 a comment in the Liverpool Daily Post recommended that he ‘got life insurance,'5 and an article on the BBC website6 provided quotations only from those against the MP. This is in direct contrast to what the same website suggested was the general public opinion. On the ‘Your Views'7 section, nineteen out of twenty- two comments support Johnson's opinion, ranging from those in general support to people from Liverpool criticising their fellow Liverpudlians; suggesting that the media was either being sensationalist or deliberately opposing a Conservative- who, it should be noted, did not even write the article. The true author, Simon Heffer, was barely mentioned and has ‘no plans to issue an apology;'8 further evidence that it was the character of Johnson rather than his article that caused so much disagreement. This is supported by a comment in The Independent which noted that Johnson was not the first social commentator to challenge Liverpool's reaction to the beheading. On Sunday the 10th of October, Dr Anthony Daniels challenged the town's reaction for an ‘estranged son â€Å"whose attachment to Liverpool was so great that he was planning to live in Thailand. â€Å"‘9 Dr Daniels, however, was not featured in any newspaper or criticised for his comments. This calls into question the role of MPs in the media; whether it is possible for them to be both decision makers and public commentators. Though not the first editor to become an MP- Iain Macleod and Dick Crossman have both managed it in the past- as both the Financial Times and The Guardian Student pointed out, in ‘bowing down to Mr Howard's edict'10 Johnson put political ambition over journalistic independence. This not only undermines Johnson's validity as a public commentator but also the doctrine of press freedom. Enshrined in the US Constitution in the First Amendment and by ‘Supreme Court precedent,'11 the press is often perceived in America as the ‘fourth branch of government,' providing a check and balance to the judiciary, executive and legislative. Though in Britain the branches are less divided, the same principle should stand to provide effective restraints; hence the ongoing debate over the Lord Chancellor's position in all three branches of Government. When an MP becomes involved in the media, therefore, its independence is called into question. It seems unlikely, for example, than an MP could comment fairly on the actions of a body he or she works for. The reaction to Johnson's article proves that MPs working as journalists do not have the same freedom as journalists not also working as MPs. This challenges the validity of a ‘free media' that can be influenced so easily despite supposedly having complete freedom of speech. Often heralded as an indicator of democracy, Britain's press is perceived to be one of the freest in the world. â€Å"Freedom,† however, can be interpreted in many ways. In the United Kingdom, for example, though the media can in theory print anything there are moral and bureaucratic restrictions. Seven companies, four of which account for 90% of sales, own the entire national press and media ‘moguls' such as Rupert Murdoch control many publications. Murdoch himself owns the News of the World, The Sun, The Times and The Sunday Times. This may have influenced their synonymous attack on Johnson's article which was published in The Spectator, owned by one of Murdoch's rivals the Barclay brothers- who, as commented upon in The Times, have ‘not raised the Liverpool editorial'12 with Johnson, revealing their ongoing faith in having a politician as an editor whilst others are questioning it. The ownership of chains of newspapers has implications on their bias and impartiality. Murdoch's politics, for example, are generally right- wing, though he apparently favours republicanism over monarchy and is said to have refused a British peerage. His influence is apparent in the papers he owns. In February 1998, for example, The Sun, which had consistently attacked Labour's plans for the Millennium Dome suddenly changed tack and threw its weight behind the project. It seems no coincidence that Murdoch's BSkyB had recently made an investment in the Dome. 13 It is, however, impossible for any form of media to be truly unbiased. Humans, by their nature, are influenced by what they read and who they see, and inject personal opinion into articles or reports without intending to. In the United Kingdom The Times is typically seen as a left- wing paper, The Telegraph as right- wing, and The Independent as the most unbiased paper. These stereotypes rarely hold true, however, with The Times' editorial often being more lenient towards the Conservatives. This may have more to do with the fact that the media often opposes whoever is in power, whoever they are, with no regards to traditional stance. Of the articles about Johnson, the most balanced viewpoint was from The Guardian Student. From the very start it offers views for and against the article; even the headline, â€Å"Boris is ‘sorry' for tactless own goal†14 presents Johnson as apologetic whilst also implying he made a blunder. Throughout, it keeps this balanced viewpoint with quotations from those supporting him followed by those against; contrasting articles in The Times15 which present tirades of criticism. The Guardian Student article is an exception, however. Though often not as transparent as headlines in tabloids such as The Sun or The Daily Star, broadsheets in the Western world show clear bias without obvious governmental controls. This may be seen to affect politics. In a poll conducted in America in 1992, for example, 89% of 1400 members of the national media surveyed voted for Clinton in that same year. 16 Though it is certain this would have influenced the journalists' articles, it is debateable whether the media dictated the public's mood or vice versa. In 1997 when The Sun declared â€Å"It's The Sun Wot Won It† due to its support of the Labour party, it was questionable whether they actually influenced the public or merely responded to what the public was urging them to print. Despite the obvious bias, however, the media of the Western world is still typically liberal in viewpoint, with it rare for an outlet to present controversial or minority views. The views of the BNP, for example, are rarely, if ever, supported in the media. The reason for this comes down to money. The public are unlikely to buy a paper if it is known to publish racist, xenophobic or controversial views, even if they are just the expression of free speech (though The Sun comes close on occasion, printing sensationalist headlines with unsubstantiated evidence17). Constantly looking for ways to increase revenue, papers are therefore unlikely to publish minority views if it is the majority that they are aiming for. Minority views are more often only heard when their exponents, such as Abu Hanzar, are being persecuted or when comedians are chastising them. Billy Connelly and Doug Stanhope, for example, as criticised in the Warwick Boar18, regularly use controversial, politically incorrect material under the guise of jokes. Connelly joking about Ken Bigley, for example, did not receive the criticism that Johnson did despite being more tactless and insensitive. Freedom of press, however, is not truly understood unless compared to non- Western countries. In ‘Last Seven Days' (a Warwick- based informal political discussion group), for example, both a Russian and a Chinese student commented that the freedom of the press is not appreciated in Britain. In Russia, using restrictive legislation and exerting financial pressure through the government and government- related companies, the Kremlin â€Å"gained nearly total control of the broadcast media in 2003. â€Å"19 Many Russians, as commented upon in the World Press Review, support restrictions on the press. 20 This has resulted in a media consistently supporting the Russian government and President, as evident in the translation of articles from Moscow News which celebrate nuclear weapons test launches as ‘landmark events. An article on the same event in the USA or the UK is likely to have included criticism of the demand and use of nuclear weapons. The general perception of the media in much of the Western world is that they have a great degree of freedom. Whilst this is true if compared to countries such as Russia, China or Iraq, there are still pressures on journalists to produce articles with a particular slant or viewpoint. It could be said, for example, that the restrictive policies typical of countries ruled by dictatorship have been replaced by the â€Å"dictatorial† media barons such as Rupert Murdoch and the Barclay brothers. The governmental restrictions, meanwhile, are more likely to be whips or party leaders trying to pander to public opinion rather than imposing party policy, as was displayed by Michael Howard over Boris Johnson's article. I also witnessed this during work experience at the House of Commons, where there were daily meetings for all opposition MPs to discuss the previous day's press coverage, and the majority of Theresa May's (MP, Windsor and Maidenhead) work was to attract the attention of, or respond to, local and national media. The relationship between the press and politicians is complex, with politicians trying to get in the media, and journalists often only willing to cover a minority of issues for personal, political, or financial reasons. When politicians, such as Boris Johnson, become directly involved in the media, further restrictions and pressures are placed on the medium. Therefore though the media, in particular in Britain, is supposedly free from constraints, in reality there are numerous limits on what journalists are willing to write.

God Bless America by Faith Ringgold essays

God Bless America by Faith Ringgold essays Faith Ringgolds "God Bless America" is an expression of the emotional and physical torment of black Americans prior to and during the Civil Rights Movement. This piece of art movement had a lot of cultural ties to the population during the 1960s that also can be applied today in the year 2001. Through the description of medium, subject matter, form, and style I will relate this piece of history and the signfigance of what this composition means to me today. Faith Ringgold composed this piece by using oil paints on a 31 by 19 inch canvas. It is depicting the struggles that her community and herself were facing while trying to gain equal rights from the majority of white American culture. She uses line, shape, color, value and texture to depict the points shes trying to make. She uses mostly outline in an expressive quality to depict the extremity of the situtation. The most promindint shapes she uses is rectangles. The strips are long rectangles and even her face has a very square feeling to it. The only colors she uses are red, blue, black and white. All of these colors are in a low key, which are very bright and draw your attention equally. All of the principles of design are indicative in this painting. Unity and balance are achieved through her use if red and blue together and black and white. The positioning of the strips/cell bars gives the painting rhythm. The focal point of this painting is the womens face, particularly her eyes that have a heavy black outline. The entire composition is done to scale and is proportionate. God Bless America is done in a representational style. It is a stylized representation of real life that it still recognizable to the average person. Ringgold has done numerous paintings that depict the struggle of the black community during and prior to the 1960s. Her other artworks include titles such as, The Flag is Bleeding following the theme of the blac...

How To Write Business Essay, with Topics List

How To Write Business Essay, with Topics List What is business essay? Business essays are meant to present an argument about a topic within the business field. It should be narrowed down to a specific issue. Â  They are meant to help the writers convey their professional views on different issues arising from the businesses. Business writing helps readers in adopting different viewpoints about issues in the business world. These essays contain writers stand on the issue. List of topics for business essay: Marketing strategies Fund and asset allocation strategies E-commerce Narrowing the gap between the skills required by the industry and those currently available in college graduates How much does it cost to start a small business Who are the real businessmen? Employee social media privacy laws: dream or necessity Feminist economics Can African economies survive without the western influence? Surviving the world of uncertainties Marketing strategies Advertising Influence of Chinese on African business environment Would online companies be more successful than the regular ones Life savings Foreign currency fluctuation Life insurance Example of outline for business essay Outlining helps the writer to plan for writing the essay. Outline contains three paragraphs. The first paragraph is the introduction. The second and third paragraphs contain the first and second supporting points respectively. The last paragraph of the essay contains the conclusion. The outline serves as an essay draft. Who are the real businessmen? Introduction A large percentage of people living in this world are involved in some businesses. Without doubt it is universally agreed that successful businesses require a businessman. This therefore begs the question that who is a real businessman. A good businessman is an honest person. This is crucial in winning customers trust and therefore customers are able to conduct business with them. He is straightforward and true to his words in his dealings resulting in a long successful business. A good businessman is well knowledgeable in the business he is involved. He is knowledgeable in handling the business transactions and understands his customers. This helps him in earning respect and admiration among his peers and customers. Conclusion Among other qualities, these are some of the recognizable qualities of a real businessman. He earns the respect, trust and admiration among his peers and customers. In the long term these help in ensuring that his business is successful, a quality only attributed to real businessmen. How to start business essay Clearly define your topic. You need to show your reader the meaning of what you are talking about in order for them to tell whether it is meaningful. Show the direction of your topic or point of argument. You need to show the readers which direction you are taking in arguing your points. Outline the extent of coverage. Clearly show what you are going to cover and if possible what the essay will not cover. Give background information. Give the readers background information that necessitates the writing of the essay or the origin of your arguments. Tips on Thesis Writing Create a schedule. Create a time suitable for writing your thesis, so that it doesn’t interfere with your daily life; Develop an applicable thesis statement. The statement should be able to improve the readers ideas on the subject discussed; Don’t criticize. Avoid criticizing companies or its policies; Research thoroughly on the topic; Properly structure your business essay; Proof reading. Revise and correct the paper severally to make it sound and look good. Tips on body paragraphs The body of the essay makes up the largest portion of perfect assignment. The length or the number of paragraphs will depend on how much the writer writes about the topic chosen. The tips for writing the body include: The topic sentence. Defines what the paragraph is all about. Introduce the sources or data. Outline the data, or sources supporting the mini thesis. Use facts. Use proven facts in the area you are writing on. Explain the facts and quotes. Explain the meaning of the facts and show how these support your stand and contribute to the topic under discussion. Relation to thesis. Explain the facts in relation to the overall thesis statement and to the topic you are discussing. Ensure that the facts are relevant and related to the topic. Transitional sentence. Use transitional words to transit from one paragraph to the next. Tips on writing the conclusion Conclusion summarizes the writer’s views. It is the last part of the business essay writing steps. Arrive at the final conclusion through logical reasoning and pulling the discussion made in the body of the essay concisely. State your viewpoint explicitly. If possible, express the recommendations for further activity and future actions. Summarizing Outline for the essay provide the writer with a work plan on how to plan for the writing. It introduces the readers into the writers thinking and help in introducing the points. The body contains the findings of the writer. The writing guide provides writers with a way of sharing their thoughts with readers. Following this guide is crucial in ensuring that the writer has a complete and logically organized work in the end as such business essay conclusion is an important part of the essay.

Marketing Mangement 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Mangement 3 - Essay Example Habitual: This book can be sold to people who like reading about their hobbies, that is cooking and gardening. For this segment, the book can be sold at original price with little more gardening or cooking tips added, so that these people won't think about buying the low price edition of the product. This segment can be effective reached by through advertising on TV channels which caters to the needs of these types of individuals, magazines or any other means which may reach them. Geographic: This book will be more effective for people living in these geographical areas where natural factors are conducive for farming or gardening. These people can be effectively reached by holding certain PR activities where they are told that their land is quite fertile and the book may help them well. Unemployed: This book will touch the aspirations of unemployed people as they have limited income to feed their family. This book will guide them of the techniques of feeding their families on low income and they will be attracted towards the book. This segment can be effectively reached by advertising in job search centers, job search magazine etc.

Comprehensive Doctoral Review Examination Question #1 Theory with the Term Paper

Comprehensive Doctoral Review Examination Question #1 Theory with the concept (when contractors preform inherently governmental functions it puts the U.S. Government at risk) - Term Paper Example Additionally, the research conducted on the based on the different available evidences enhances the relevance of the research and further develops their acceptability. Similarly, the different theories that are available in the specific fields enhance the approach towards the present research question (Houser & Oman, 2011). In this regards the issue related with the inherent operations of the management that puts the governmental functioning at risk. The performances of the contractors are majorly involved with the performances of the government as the performances of the individual contractors affect the overall performances of the federal government. Several technical complexities affect the different operational motives of the government and hinder the ability of the government to perform effectively. Furthermore, the contractors performs the functions that are intimately related with public interest hence if the contractors fails to meet with the different needs of the public it is most likely to affect the overall government functions. With this regard, the paper elaborates on the functioning of the contractors that in turn puts the government operations at risk. Theories have been authentic evidences that support the research and enhance the relevance of the same. The different theories that are available in the specific fields provide a guideline for conducting the research and enhance the acceptability of the study. The word theory has a several number of meanings and is interpreted by the different theorist in several manners. Furthermore, the different theorists have elaborated on the different concepts that are appropriate for the different situations and different problems. The following sections project the different concepts that are most important for developing a generalisabilty of the research and develop the relevance of the

The Charlie Hebdo shooting by Muslim Extremists Essay

The Charlie Hebdo shooting by Muslim Extremists - Essay Example It is common for people to get shaken after such an attack (Là ©vy A11). However, France has shown a lot of unity in dealing with this attack as everyone is concerned and more than ever, they want unity resolved. Some extremists have twisted the entire issue to show that there is war between Europe and the Muslims but this is not the case. Getting the killers may be a difficult task since they can easily cross the borders but reinforcing the wrong ideas will only do more harm than good to the people in France (Dockterman N). I feel that France is vulnerable to more attacks similar to the Charlie Hebdo attack and the root to the problem should be addressed. Before the shooting took place, France was already a fragile state with high unemployment rates, and so many French born individuals who are youths and feel that they do not have any opportunities. Therefore, it is important that the root problems are addressed as a step to finding the solution to the attacks. Making Muslims feel they are wanted will only create fear and enmity between individuals as explained in (â€Å"Why We Are All Charlie Hebdo†

System Thinking Approach to Problem Solution

System Thinking Approach to Problem Solution Introduction System thinking is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in diagnosing the organisation by using different methodologies .System thinking is an approach for looking at problems from many angles, looking at the whole problem rather than parts (Jackson 2008). In this assignment the writer will explore A problem issue and use the appropriate methodology to solve the problem. Problem Situation Arab National Bank (ANB), a Saudi Joint Stock Company, is one of the top ten banks in the Middle East. Since its inception in mid- 1979, ANB has operated through its 143 local branches, 21 Womens sections and one branch in London, UK since 1991. Arab Bank offers a full range of domestic and international commercial and Islamic products and services to the retail and corporate sectors. The bank also offers consultancy and investment, mutual funds and assets management, local and international equity trading, foreign exchange and treasury services. They are several principal activities, for example, firstly, retail banking such as deposit, credit and investment products for individuals. Secondly , corporate banking such as loans , deposits and other credit products for corporate, institutional customers, small to medium sized businesses and the Banks London branch. Finally, treasury banking: manages the banks trading and investment portfolios and the banks funding and liquidity, currency, and commission risk. The banks staff currently has 3, 532 employees, of which 90 % are Saudi Citizens (ANB). The bank previously achieved significant profits in the absence of real competition and lack of banks and the Public Pension Agency transfers salaries of retirees through ANB, but recently the bank has faced several major problems such as increased staff turnover. Many qualified employees who have several responsibilities in their departments have resigned and gone to other banks. ANB is facing real challenges, particularly the emergence of new competitors with the emergence of new banks after Saudi Arabia joined the World Trade Organization. The new banks such as Al Belad and Al Jazerah are attractive to experienced and skilled employees, because they offer high salaries and a good environment. Also, skilled employees in ANB are working under stressful circumstances; they are working for long hours without motivation. When skilled and knowledgeable employees leave Arab Bank, it is not easy to find alternative employees. This has had a bad effect on ANBs success and growth. Metaphor The essence of metaphor is understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another (Lackoff and Johnson, 1980, p 5). For this study metaphors are used to explore and investigate the subsurface of our problem situation. Metaphors are considered as lenses to expose our worldview and creative thinking. They can be used to understand how different organisations work and how managers can transform their way working and recognise the hidden problems in organisations. Morgan (1997) pointed out that the metaphors in his writing are a good example of how to use metaphor in organisations. According to Mutch (2006, p19) The material on the use of metaphor in organizational analysis suggests a number of approaches. There has been considerable interest in exploring the literary devices that might be used, going beyond the use of metaphor to explore, Morgan (1986) mentions eight metaphors while Jackson (2003) added from Alvesson and Deetz (1996) a ninth one, as follows: Brain: information processing system and efficiency in solving problem. Flux and transformation: wisdom, attractors, chaos and complexity Culture: Society, values, beliefs, laws, ideology, diversity and history Political system: rights, power, hidden agendas, leaders and conflict management Psychic prison: unconscious processes and workaholics Instrument of domination: discrimination , compliance and charisma Carnivals: minimise order and support creativity. Organism: organizations dealing with their environments, structures and improvement. Machine: efficiency, timeliness, and quality Is recognised as a technical appearance that has several (often standardised) parts each with a definite function. Much emphasis is placed on the efficiency of the parts. The machine operates in a routine and repetitive fashion and performs predetermined sets of activites, seeking the rational and efficient means of reaching preset goals and objectives (Flood and Jackson, 1991, p 8). To explore the above stated problem situation, the writer decided to use the organism metaphor as a dominant metaphor and machine metaphor as a dependent metaphor. Organism is relevant because Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has joined the World Trade Organisation. The writer chose these for two reasons; first, the long history for ANB as a profit company (organization structure); second efficiency of production activities in a machine constituted of interlocking parts (organization efficiency). Thus ANB needs adaptations to a new environment .The organization exist in a competitive global environment where there is strong competition for investment, markets and skilled employees. ANB is a profit company and needs to be flexible and to keep eyes on the market because it needs to maintain market share to achieve its targets. On the other hand, is the system of work in ANB is routine, and like a machine, for example tellers and customer services. System of System Methodologies (SOSM) A Complex system is a complicated system that has a large number of subsystems to be operated, and many interactions between the elements. A simple system is a system with clear system with a small number of subsystems to be operated. The operation in the Bank is based on a complicated system with a large numbers of subsystems such as many complex computing and information systems, frequently updated data and financial operations. Employees from the practical and support sides both have diverse views and interests but have the same career expectations (unitary) at ANB. In the writers opinion, this means the problem situation in the ANB is complex unitary situation that involves real world performance as illustrated below, a modified version. Jackson and Keys (1984) suggest that choice of an appropriate system methodology depends on the nature of the problem context. They introduced a matrix, later modified by Jackson to help in classifying contexts. According to system complexity an d participants (see figure A1) . Participants: Participants are individuals who participate to achieve common goals, share the same interests or takes part in something. According to Flood and Jackson ( 1991) participants are divided into three groups : First ; unitary ,they share the common interests , have highly compatible values and beliefs , and large agreement upon ends and means. They all participate in decision making. Secondly, Pluralist; they have basic compatibility of interests and their values and beliefs disagree to some extent .They do not necessarily agree upon ends and means but they participate in decision making .They proceed in accordance with decided objectives. Finally, Coercive; they do not share common interests .Their values and beliefs are likely to conflict .They do not agree upon ends and means. Paradigms: The word paradigm is now commonly used to refer to something like world view or way of seeing things (Jackson, 2008, p 37). According to Jackson and Gregory (2008), therefore are four types of paradigm: The functionalist paradigm: promotes efficiency, effectiveness, survival and adaptation. Related with this paradigm are the machine , organism , brain , and flux and transformational metaphors . The interpretive paradigm: helps managers to search for the degree of shared corporate culture in the organization, increasing commitment and superiority in work life. The culture and political metaphors are related to this paradigm. The emancipator paradigm: pays attention to discrimination based on class, sex, race, and disability. Related to this paradigm are the psychic prison and instruments of domination metaphors. The postmodern paradigm: takes a less serious view of organization, believes it is too difficult to understand using any other paradigm, emphasises having fun in the organizations, and that one can learn much by bringing conflict to the organization surface. The metaphor of the carnival is associated with this paradigm. So I can be seen from these paradigms that the ANB paradigm is functionalist. Having looked at metaphors, system, participants and paradigms, it can be suggested that organism is a dominate and machine the dependant metaphor, organization paradigm is functionalist and the content is complex and unitary. Because the issue as a complex one and as the participants are unitary, it could be said that VSM is the most effective methodology to deal with this issue because this methodology is characterised as complex-unitary. It is also approach for a situation where the participants are functionalist, whishing to promote efficiency, effectiveness and adaptation. Therefore, it is applicable to proceed to the Viable System Methodology (VSM). Application of Viable System Methodology (VSM) The VSM is used in the process of viable systems diagnosis. The VSM offers solutions to problems of complexity; it remains weak in dealing with pluralism, conflict and coercion. This weakness stems from the organism and brain metaphors it employs and the functionalist paradigm it is usually associated with (Jackson and Gregory, 2008, p 49). According to Flood and Jackson (1991), The VSM is an arrangement of five functional elements (systems 1-5) that are interconnected through a complex of information and control loops. VSM help self organisation and localised management of problems. Also emphasis is placed on the relationship between the viable unit and the environment. As mentioned above, the model is made up of five systems 1 5 which may be categorized as implementation, co-ordination, control, development and policy. To diagnose problems in VSM it is important that the functions handled by these five systems be effectively performed in all organisations (Jackson and Gregory, 2008). The VSM is shown in the diagram figure B1, with the relevant elements of ANB indicated. According to Jackson and Gregory (2008):- System 1 has parts directly connected with implementation, and absorbs much of the environmental variety. In the diagram we can see that the departments are connected with the managers and environment. However, it is clear that there is no co-ordination function with system 2. Also there is no clear feedback to top management, so this is considered to be problem. Under normal circumstances compatible instruction from higher management should ensure that various parts of system 1 act in harmony (Jackson and Gregory, 2008). Actually the function in system 1 tries to act in its own best interests but has only local information to go on . System 2 is an essential system because, given their self-rule, the parts of system 1 is liable to take uncoordinated decisions. There is no co-ordination in the organisation and system 2 is vacant. System 3, called the audit channel, gives direct access to the circumstances of relationships in the operations. This control position is should be the CEO. It is clear that there is lack of communication between system 1 and 2 with system 3. The responsibility for this matter lies with system 4 for passing a co-ordinated plan down the line to system 1 and giving the negative feedback to CEO. System 4 is a development function of the organisation and has two tasks. The first task is it switches the orders down to the lower level, then switch responses upwards. The second task is to capture for the organisation all related information about the environment. This is totally neglected in the ANB and there is no connection between the executive committee (Intelligence) and long term environment and there is a weak contact and competition between the short term environment and other departments. There is a lack of information about the external environment or statistics of client satisfaction of ANB does not examine the strong competition between the organisation and others and is not aware of the threats and attractiveness of competitors in the absence of motivation in the organisation. Thus there is no benefit from system 4. System 5 is responsible for policy and making decisions. In the organisation the internal demands are represented by the commitment of autonomic management but external demands are not represented by system 4 and not taken into account because there is no link between system 4 and the environment. After diagnosing the problem in VSM, now this problem will be solved by redesigning the problem using the same basic diagram in figure B2. Board of management policy As shown in the diagram (figure B2), in system 1 the departments perform better because the co-ordination function in system 2 is set, Therefore it is performed effectively and the manager of every department keeps in touch with the co-ordination in system 2 . System 2 as a co-ordination function gives the feedback to system 3, then system 3 accesses the information and feeds back to system 4. System 4 now has a link with the environment to capture for the organisation all relevant information about other organisations and transmit the information to other departments. This will supplying the department of human resources in system 1 with the information and resources to motivate staff and retain them in their work to achieve the goals of the organisation. Recommendations There are a number of important changes which need to be made and so are some recommendation are listed below:- Redesign the reward system to be equivalent to the competitors. Use motivation and recognition system to keep employees loyalty to the organisation Set up a process of evaluation to improve the organisation staff. Criticism When VSM is used to diagnose a problem and concentrate on some levels, sometimes, It leads to lack of information on particular individual assistance to achieve the goals for each level. VSM cares about some features of the organization. However Flood and Jackson (1991) point out that VSM neglects the purposeful role of individuals, such as organizational culture, shared responsibility. VSM does not deal with organizational culture because the statistics will not be an accurate reflection of the true status of the organization, so feedback on performance will be disingenuine (Tepe and Haslett, 2002, p 520). This methodology is difficult to apply to diagnose in depth the responsibilities of each level. There may be goals, but they are not fixed and they can take account of the environment (Flood and Jackson, 1991, p 110). Conclusion This essay has argued that VSM is a suitable approach to solve ANBs problem. An implication of this is the possibility that VSM is able to deal with complex situations, even though it neglects some aspects. The VSM revealed that the problem was a weak contact between executive committee and the external environment, and there was no co-ordination , then, necessary changes were identified .These include motivation and keeping in touch with the external environment. Considerably more work will need to be done to determine other aspects of the problem. For example SSM could be better to solve turnover problems. This methodology can be used to develop targeted interventions aimed at diagnosing problem in the organisation.

Malmar McKnight’s The Storm Essay -- Malmar McKnight The Storm

Malmar McKnight’s The Storm Malmar McKnight’s frightening story, â€Å"The Storm†, weaves a violent storm and murder together to heighten the horrific fears that engulf Janet Willsom. â€Å"The Storm† is a combination of Mother Nature, Janet’s emotions, and her heartbreaking dilemmas. The eerie mood is revealed throughout the story. Figurative language helps the reader bring the story to life in his/ her mind. The author’s use of irony is devolved through Janet’s changed perception of the storm. Throughout the story, the mood becomes more suspenseful. As Janet walks out of the strong spring storm and enters her cold damp house, she is overcome by feelings of isolation and loneliness. Her husband is not there; there are dead plants around her house as if nobody has been there for a lo...

Minamata Disease

Minamata disease  sometimes referred to as Chisso-Minamata disease   is a  neurological  syndrome caused by severe  mercury poisoning. Symptoms include  ataxia,  numbness  in the hands and feet, general  muscle weakness, narrowing of the  field of vision  and damage to  hearing  and  speech. In extreme cases,  insanity,  paralysis,  coma, and  deathfollow within weeks of the onset of symptoms. A  congenital  form of the disease can also affect  foetuses  in the womb. Minamata disease was first discovered in  Minamata  city in  Kumamoto prefecture,  Japan, in 1956.It was caused by the release of  methylmercury  in the industrial  wastewater  from the  Chisso Corporation's chemical factory, which continued from 1932 to 1968. This highly  toxic  chemicalbioaccumulated  in shellfish and fish in  Minamata Bay  and the  Shiranui Sea, which when eaten by the local populace resulted in mercury poisoning. While cat, dog , pig, and human deaths continued over more than 30 years, the government and company did little to prevent the pollution.As of March 2001, 2,265 victims had been officially recognised (1,784 of whom had died) and over 10,000 had received financial compensation from Chisso. By 2004, Chisso Corporation had paid $86 million in compensation, and in the same year was ordered to clean up its contamination. On March 29, 2010, a settlement was reached to compensate as-yet uncertified victims. A second outbreak of Minamata disease occurred in  Niigata Prefecture  in 1965. The original Minamata disease and  Niigata Minamata disease  are considered two of the  Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan